Autism is a serious, lifelong developmental disability characterized by considerable impairments in social interactions and communication skills, as well as a restricted/repetitive pattern of interests and/or behaviors. The term autism is also confused with the other autism spectrum disorder (ASD) including classic autism, Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism. Autism used to be considered rare, but it is increasingly recognized as a relatively common condition.
Both genetic and epidemiological research findings have forced a change in concept as a result of the evidence that autistic like abnormalities are common and often occur in individuals with normal intelligence, particularly in first degree relatives of individuals with autism.
Autism and other forms of disability are part of the human experience that contributes to human diversity. An integral approach in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programme in all political, economic and societal spheres, so that inequality is not perpetuate
Neurodevelopment Course of Autism at a Glance
Reader’s Interest
Symptoms
The characteristic behaviors of ASD may be apparent in infancy (18 to 24 months), but they usually become clearer during early childhood (24 months to 6 years). The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) lists five behaviors that warrant further evaluation:
2 % of children in the U.S. are living with autism. The earlier they have access to care, services and treatment, the more likely they are to progress
Diagnosis Tests
Early identification is associated with dramatically better outcomes for people with autism. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities (NCBDD) recommends that all children be screened for autism by their family pediatrician three times by the age of 3, 9, 18, and 24 or 30 months. Treatment should start when an autism diagnosis is suspected, rather than when a formal diagnosis is made.
According to Volkmar et al., Autism Spectrum may be distinguished from autism and pervasive developmental disorder- not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) on the basis of higher verbal IQs, greater social deficit, higher rates of the disorder in first-degree relatives, and different patterns of co-morbidity, especially higher rates of depression.
Risk Factors
The best evidence suggests that early, intensive behavioral and educational interventions can improve outcomes for many children with ASD. While there are no medications that target the primary social or repetitive behavior symptoms
Research Gaps
Current research: Holds new hope for the treatment of autism
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